When you write, work to limit bias in your language. You do this by describing and disaggregating groups with relevant, appropriately specific details. This practice promotes clarity and accuracy. For example, do not refer to a group of men and women as “man.” Refer to ranges of age rather than the “young” or “old.” Refer to regions of origin such as Chinese Americans or Mexican Americans rather than racial or ethnic groups such as Asian Americans or Latin Americans. Use income ranges or specific designations (e.g., below the federal poverty threshold for a family of four) instead of “low income.”

You also do this by adopting respectful language. In general, call people what they call themselves. When in doubt, use people first language to respect the humanity of the people described. For example, write “gay men,” not “the gays.” Write “people with learning disabilities,” not “the learning disabled.” Some groups in their self-advocacy have claimed labels for themselves. The Deaf have chosen to use a capitalized label to identify and promote a sense of unity and community. Sometimes individuals within groups disagree about labels. Accept that language changes over time and make an effort to determine what is appropriate in your paper.